The National Theatre of Iceland (Þjóðleikhúsið) has a rich and varied history that mirrors the cultural and social evolution of the nation.
The concept of a national theatre in Iceland was first proposed by economist Indriði Einarsson in 1873. His ideas were published in 1905, but it wasn’t until the 1920s that significant steps were taken towards its realization. An entertainment tax was introduced in 1923 to fund its construction.
Architect Guðjón Samúelsson, who also designed landmarks like Reykjavík’s Hallgrímskirkja, provided the first architectural plans in 1925. Construction began in 1929, but due to financial constraints from the global depression, the project was halted in 1932 with only the exterior completed.
During World War II, the British military occupied the unfinished building as part of their operations in Iceland, which inadvertently helped in its eventual completion after the war.
The National Theatre officially opened on April 20, 1950, with the aim of promoting Icelandic drama and culture. It initially featured one stage, but over time, expanded to include three stages within the main building and one in a separate structure.
The theatre’s repertoire has always been diverse, featuring Icelandic works alongside international classics, modern plays, operas, ballets, and musicals. It has been instrumental in nurturing Icelandic playwrights and fostering a national theatre scene.
The theatre has played a significant role in shaping Iceland’s cultural identity. It has been a platform for both established and new Icelandic artists, contributing significantly to the arts scene in Reykjavík and beyond.
With its focus on a broad spectrum of performances, from traditional Icelandic sagas to contemporary and experimental theatre, the National Theatre has maintained a reputation for artistic excellence. It has also been a venue for children’s theatre, emphasizing arts education.
Over the years, the theatre has undergone several renovations to update its facilities while preserving its original art deco style, which reflects the period of its construction. Notable changes included lighting and layout adjustments to enhance the audience experience without altering the historical essence of the building.
Today, the National Theatre not only serves as a performance venue but also as a cultural institution promoting dialogue and reflection on societal issues through theatre. It collaborates with various independent groups, enhancing the diversity of its offerings.
The theatre tours both domestically and internationally, showcasing Icelandic culture abroad and bringing international performances to Iceland.
In recent years, under the leadership of various artistic directors, the theatre has continued to evolve, focusing on inclusivity, innovation, and engaging with contemporary societal themes while maintaining its commitment to classical and new Icelandic drama.
The National Theatre of Iceland stands as a testament to the country’s dedication to the arts, reflecting both its historical roots and its ongoing cultural vibrancy.