Suite ar chnuasach oile\u00e1n feadh ch\u00f3sta thiar dr\u00e1mat\u00fail na hIorua i r\u00e9igi\u00fan Sunnm\u00f8re, is cos\u00fail gur cathair \u00ed \u00c5lesund a t\u00f3gadh as sc\u00e9al s\u00ed. A bhu\u00edochas d\u00e1 foirgnimh dathanna pastel, a t\u00fair orn\u00e1ideacha, a spuaiceanna, agus a aghaidheanna casta i st\u00edl Jugendstil (Art Nouveau), t\u00e1 s\u00ed ar cheann de na t\u00edrdhreacha uirbeacha is comhth\u00e1ite \u00f3 thaobh amhairc de agus is gleoite san Eoraip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ach rugadh an \u00e1illeacht seo as scrios, athl\u00e9imneacht, agus uaillmhian suntasach. S\u00edneann sc\u00e9al \u00c5lesund \u00f3 thaoisigh Lochlannacha agus tr\u00e1d\u00e1il mhe\u00e1naoiseach go tine tubaisteach san 20\u00fa haois, laochra cogaidh, agus rath\u00fanas nua-aimseartha mar mhol iascaireachta agus cult\u00fartha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e9 go bhfuil lonna\u00edocht nua-aimseartha \u00c5lesund f\u00e9in s\u00e1ch \u00f3g, t\u00e1 fr\u00e9amhacha stairi\u00fala doimhne ag baint leis an gceantar m\u00e1guaird. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn fianaise seand\u00e1la\u00edochta go bhfuil gn\u00edomha\u00edocht dhaonna ag dul siar go dt\u00ed an Chlochaois, le lonna\u00edocht shuntasach \u00f3n 11\u00fa haois ar aghaidh ag Borgund in aice l\u00e1imhe (difri\u00fail \u00f3n s\u00e9ip\u00e9al stabh c\u00e1ili\u00fail den ainm c\u00e9anna). D\u2019fh\u00f3in Borgund mar ionad tr\u00e1d\u00e1la t\u00e1bhachtach, n\u00f3 kaupang, a raibh iascaigh shaibhre trosc i Borgundfjord mar choth\u00fa air. Nocht tochailt\u00ed iarsma\u00ed suas le ceithre eaglais marmair agus m\u00f3r\u00e1n \u00e1itreabh, rud a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn a rath\u00fanas de r\u00e9ir mar a shreabh earra\u00ed go Bergen agus an tSraith Hanseatic, agus allmhair\u00ed cos\u00fail le criad\u00f3ireacht Ghearm\u00e1nach agus teicst\u00edl\u00ed Sasanacha ag filleadh mar mhalairt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bh\u00ed teaghlaigh chumhachtacha \u00f3 r\u00e9 na Lochlannach ina gc\u00f3na\u00ed sa r\u00e9igi\u00fan, go h\u00e1irithe clann Giske ar oile\u00e1n Giske in aice l\u00e1imhe (at\u00e1 ceangailte anois le toll\u00e1n). Feictear an teaghlach uasal seo i s\u00e1ga\u00ed Lochlannacha, agus naisc acu le figi\u00fair\u00ed ar n\u00f3s Naomh Olav agus Harald Hardr\u00e5de. Thit ball amh\u00e1in i gCath Stamford Bridge sa bhliain 1066, rud a fheictear go minic mar dheireadh R\u00e9 na Lochlannach. Ceangla\u00edonn finsc\u00e9alta an ceantar le Rollo (Gange-Rolv n\u00f3 Gangerolf), bunaitheoir Di\u00facacht na Normainne sa 10\u00fa haois. Seasann dealbh de Rollo go br\u00f3d\u00fail i bp\u00e1irc bhaile \u00c5lesund, agus cinn eile i Rouen na Fraince, agus i Fargo, Dakota Thuaidh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1inig meath ar Borgund sa deireadh faoi mhonaplacht tr\u00e1d\u00e1la Bergen, ach bh\u00ed an bealach r\u00e9idh do mhol nua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Luadh \u00c5lesund (\u00c1lasund, Sean-Lochlannach, b’fh\u00e9idir \u201ccaolas eascann\u201d) den ch\u00e9ad uair i scr\u00edbhinn sa bhliain 1766 ag sagart. Th\u00e1inig cearta tr\u00e1d\u00e1la teoranta sa bhliain 1793, agus bronnadh st\u00e1das ioml\u00e1n baile margaidh (kj\u00f8pstad) air sa bhliain 1848. Luaigh an f\u00e1s a bhu\u00edochas le habhc\u00f3id\u00ed ar n\u00f3s an feisire parlaiminte Peter Tonning agus an t-onnmhaireoir \u00e9isc Carl R\u00f8nneberg, a chabhraigh le ceannas Bergen a bhriseadh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Faoi l\u00e1r an 19\u00fa haois, phl\u00e9asc \u00c5lesund mar ionad iascaireachta agus onnmhairithe. Mheall an calafort n\u00e1d\u00fartha agus an rochtain ar throsc, halab\u00fat agus iascaigh eile fl\u00fairseach daoine \u00f3 ar fud iarthar na hIorua. Th\u00e1inig f\u00e1s agus forbairt ar mhonarchana pr\u00f3ise\u00e1la \u00e9isc, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear monarchana d\u2019ola ae trosc agus guan\u00f3. Mh\u00e9adaigh an daonra go m\u00f3r: \u00f3 482 amh\u00e1in i 1835 go \u200b\u200bdt\u00ed os cionn 11,000 faoi 1900. Bh\u00ed tithe adhmaid pl\u00f3daithe ar oile\u00e1in Asp\u00f8ya, N\u00f8rv\u00f8ya, agus Hessa, rud a chruthaigh baile dl\u00fath, br\u00edomhar ach seans maith go mbeadh tine ann. Rinne breathn\u00f3ir\u00ed comhaimseartha cur s\u00edos air mar \u00e1it f\u00e1is thapa, tuairim\u00edochta – deifir ach rath\u00fail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Go moch ar maidin an 23 Ean\u00e1ir 1904, bhuail tubaiste. Thosaigh tine thart ar 2 a.m. i monarcha Aalesund Preserving Company ar Asp\u00f8ya. Chuir gaotha l\u00e1idre \u00f3n iardheisceart na lasracha tr\u00ed na strucht\u00fair adhmaid dl\u00fathphac\u00e1ilte. Faoin tr\u00e1thn\u00f3na, bh\u00ed beagnach 850 foirgneamh scriosta, rud a d\u2019fh\u00e1g thart ar 10,000 de thart ar 12,000 \u00e1itritheoir an bhaile gan d\u00eddean. Ar an drochuair, n\u00edor fuair ach duine amh\u00e1in b\u00e1s: Ane Heen, 76 bliain d\u2019aois, a d\u2019fhill ar a teach a bh\u00ed tr\u00ed thine ar son a spar\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bh\u00ed an t-aslonn\u00fa ina chaos sa o\u00edche reoite. Theith na c\u00f3naitheoir\u00ed leis an m\u00e9id a d\u2019fh\u00e9adfaid\u00eds a iompar, cuid acu ar bh\u00e1d, cuid eile ar shi\u00fal na gcos go ceantair n\u00edos s\u00e1bh\u00e1ilte cos\u00fail le Volsdalen. Chuir an ghaoth, br\u00fa \u00edseal uisce, agus an scaipeadh tapa bac ar iarrachta\u00ed comhrac d\u00f3ite\u00e1in; theip ar roinnt l\u00ednte d\u00f3ite\u00e1in de r\u00e9ir mar a l\u00e9im smugairl\u00ed bearna\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ach spreag an trag\u00f3id athnuachan. Shreabh c\u00fanamh isteach \u00f3n Iorua agus \u00f3 thar lear. Thug an Kaiser Wilhelm II na Gearm\u00e1ine, a thug cuairt go minic ar r\u00e9igi\u00fan Sunnm\u00f8re le haghaidh laethanta saoire, freagra pras le longa cogaidh ag iompar bia, leigheas, \u00e1bhar t\u00f3g\u00e1la, pluideanna agus pearsanra. Thuill an fhlaithi\u00falacht seo sr\u00e1id chomhainmnithe d\u00f3 sa chathair at\u00f3gtha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thapaigh plean\u00e1laithe an deis le haghaidh athdhearadh ioml\u00e1n. Ghlac ailtir\u00ed \u00f3ga Ioruacha\u2014go leor acu faoi bhun 35 bliain d’aois agus a ndearnadh oili\u00faint orthu i Trondheim n\u00f3 i mBeirl\u00edn\u2014le st\u00edl Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) na r\u00e9. D’ordaigh c\u00f3id nua t\u00f3g\u00e1la dochta cloch, br\u00edc\u00ed agus moirt\u00e9al le d\u00edonta scl\u00e1ta\u00ed at\u00e1 frithsheasmhach in aghaidh d\u00f3ite\u00e1in. Bh\u00ed an t\u00f3g\u00e1il thar a bheith gasta: d’ardaigh formh\u00f3r an bhaile idir 1904 agus 1907, agus cr\u00edochna\u00edodh thart ar 700 foirgneamh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Is \u00e9 an toradh cuma sh\u00ednithe \u00c5lesund: aghaidheanna comhchu\u00ed le t\u00fair, spuaiceanna, orn\u00e1id\u00ed spreagtha ag an me\u00e1naois, m\u00f3it\u00edfeanna dragan (ar a dtugtar St\u00edl Dragan na hIorua uaireanta), agus eilimint\u00ed n\u00e1d\u00fartha cos\u00fail le bl\u00e1thanna agus cr\u00e9at\u00fair mhara. T\u00e1 dathanna pastel – bu\u00ed, b\u00e1ndearg agus gorm – agus sonra\u00ed mionsonraithe ar na foirgnimh. Feidhm\u00edonn an Jugendstilsenteret (Ionad Art Nouveau) san iar-Ch\u00f3gaslann Swan (t\u00f3gtha 1907) anois mar mh\u00fasaem a cheili\u00farann an oidhreacht seo. Meastar ag staraithe gur rud dearfach glan \u00e9 an tine, ag cur tithe adhmaid pl\u00f3daithe, neamhshl\u00e1inti\u00fala in ionad cathair phlean\u00e1ilte, nua-aimseartha agus \u00e1lainn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lean \u00c5lesund ar aghaidh mar chumhacht iascaireachta agus mar l\u00e1rionad r\u00e9igi\u00fanach. Le linn fhorghabh\u00e1il na Gearm\u00e1ine Naits\u00edoch ar an Iorua sa Dara Cogadh Domhanda, thuill an Gestapo an leasainm \u201cLondain Bheag\u201d ar an gcathair mar gheall ar a gn\u00edomha\u00edocht fhriota\u00edochta dian. D\u2019fh\u00f3in s\u00e9 mar bhun\u00e1it l\u00e1rnach don Shetland Bus\u2014oibr\u00edochta\u00ed d\u00e1na a d\u2019\u00fas\u00e1id b\u00e1id iascaireachta chun gn\u00edomhair\u00ed, sol\u00e1thairt\u00ed agus d\u00eddeanaithe a iompar idir an Iorua agus Sealtainn\/Albain. D\u2019\u00e9alaigh na m\u00edlte tr\u00ed \u00c5lesund i laethanta tosaigh an fhorghabh\u00e1la. Buam\u00e1ladh an chathair, agus bh\u00ed daingnithe ar Shliabh Aksla, ach lean laochra \u00e1iti\u00fala orthu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duine de na daoine ba ch\u00e1ili\u00fala n\u00e1 Joachim R\u00f8nneberg (1919\u20132018), a bh\u00ed i gceannas ar Operation Gunnerside. Scrios an ruathar d\u00e1na seo i 1943 gl\u00e9asra uisce trom Vemork, ag sabait\u00e9ireacht uaillmhianta adamhacha na Naitsithe. Tugann dealbha agus taispe\u00e1ntais \u00f3m\u00f3s do na figi\u00fair\u00ed sin inniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann, le daonra de thart ar 55,000\u201360,000 sa cheantar uirbeach, is calafort r\u00edth\u00e1bhachtach \u00e9 \u00c5lesund f\u00f3s, ina bhfuil ceann de na cabhlaigh iascaireachta, na longchl\u00f3sanna agus na tionscail is m\u00f3 san Iorua lonnaithe. Feidhm\u00edonn s\u00e9 mar gheata chuig Geirangerfjord agus chuig l\u00e1ithre\u00e1in UNESCO eile, le nithe is d\u00edol sp\u00e9ise ar n\u00f3s uiscead\u00e1n Ph\u00e1irc an Atlantaigh, radharcphointe Shliabh Aksla (a thairgeann radhairc l\u00e1nl\u00e9argais), agus m\u00fasaeim a chaomhna\u00edonn oidhreacht ch\u00f3sta agus Lochlannach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I measc na ndaoine suntasacha at\u00e1 ina gc\u00f3na\u00ed ann t\u00e1 an n\u00e9areola\u00ed Edvard Moser, buaiteoir Dhuais Nobel, an t-amhr\u00e1na\u00ed Sigrid, an peilead\u00f3ir John Arne Riise, agus eachtr\u00e1naithe. B\u00edonn f\u00e9ilte bia, eala\u00edn agus oideachas (lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear cl\u00e1ir NTNU) sa chathair. T\u00e1 aitheantas idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta bainte amach ag a hailtireacht chomhsheasmhach, rud a fh\u00e1gann gur m\u00fasaem beo de dhearadh luath an 20\u00fa haois \u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Is l\u00e9iri\u00fa \u00e9 \u00c5lesund ar spiorad na hIorua: ag baint leasa as fl\u00fairse na farraige, ag teacht aniar \u00f3 thubaiste, agus ag cumasc traidisi\u00fain le h\u00e1illeacht r\u00e9amhbhreathnaitheach. Cib\u00e9 acu a thagann siad ar an ngal\u00e1n c\u00f3sta Hurtigruten, ag ini\u00fachadh a shr\u00e1ideanna ildaite, n\u00f3 ag si\u00fal go dt\u00ed radharcphoint\u00ed ag breathn\u00fa amach ar na fiordanna agus na hoile\u00e1in, t\u00e9ann cuairteoir\u00ed isteach i stair chomh dr\u00e1mat\u00fail agus chomh spreag\u00fail leis an t\u00edrdhreach f\u00e9in. \u00d3 longa fada Lochlannacha go saothair eala\u00edne Art Nouveau agus sceitheanna aimsire cogaidh ag r\u00e1sa\u00edocht trasna na Mara Thuaidh, leanann an seoid ch\u00f3sta seo de bheith ag tabhairt aire do dhaoine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-questions-answers","category-travel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17599,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17598\/revisions\/17599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/forum.timesofu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}