Beaux-Arts is an architectural style that originated from the École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) in Paris, one of the most influential art and architecture schools in the world during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The style emphasizes symmetry and is characterized by its grandiose and elaborate designs, often incorporating classical Greek and Roman architectural elements, such as columns, arches, and domes, along with intricate detailing like sculptures, ornamentation, and lavish decorations.
Beaux-Arts buildings are typically balanced and have orderly arrangement of architectural elements. Heavy use of classical details such as columns, pilasters, pediments, and cornices. Decorative elements including sculptures, bas-reliefs and elaborate friezes.
Beaux-Arts style gained international popularity, especially in the United States, where it was embraced for public buildings, museums, train stations, and monumental private residences during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era (1870-1920). Notable American architects such as Richard Morris Hunt, McKim, Mead & White, and Daniel Burnham played significant roles in popularizing the style in the U.S.
The Beaux-Arts style influenced urban planning, especially in the City Beautiful movement in the U.S., which aimed to introduce beautification and monumental grandeur to American cities.
The style fell out of favor in the early 20th century with the rise of modernism, which rejected ornate design in favor of simplicity and functionalism. However, many Beaux-Arts buildings remain significant landmarks today.
Notable examples of Beaux-Arts: Grand Palais (Paris, France), Palais Garnier (Paris, France), New York Public Library (New York, USA), Union Station (Washington, D.C., USA), San Francisco City Hall (USA)
The Beaux-Arts style remains a symbol of architectural grandeur and an important part of the architectural heritage of many cities worldwide.