San Diego, located in Southern California, has a rich history that spans thousands of years.
Early Inhabitants
San Diego’s history begins with the Kumeyaay people, who have lived in the region for at least 12,000 years. They were hunter-gatherers and had a complex society with trade networks and a deep understanding of the environment. They called the area “Kusaii”.
Spanish Exploration and Settlement
1542: Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing under the Spanish flag, was the first European to visit San Diego Bay. He named the area San Miguel.
1602: Sebastián Vizcaíno mapped the region and renamed it San Diego after Saint Didacus of Alcalá.
1769: Spaniards established a permanent settlement, Presidio of San Diego, and founded the Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first of California’s 21 missions. This marked the beginning of European colonization.
Mexican Era (1821–1848)
When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, San Diego became part of Mexico. The missions were secularized, and much of the land was distributed as ranchos to Mexican settlers. The town of San Diego began to develop during this period.
American Era (1848–Present)
1848: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War, and California became part of the United States.
1850: San Diego was incorporated as a city shortly after California achieved statehood.
Late 19th Century: The city struggled with slow growth due to its remote location and lack of a direct rail connection. However, the arrival of the railroad in the 1880s spurred development.
20th Century: San Diego grew rapidly, driven by its strategic location and military importance. During World War II, the city became a major hub for naval operations, fostering economic growth and technological innovation.
Post-War Era: San Diego evolved into a major metropolitan area with industries in defense, tourism and biotechnology. Its mild climate and coastal location attracted residents and businesses.
Modern San Diego
Today, San Diego is the second-largest city in California and a major cultural, economic, and educational centre. Known as “America’s Finest City,” it boasts a vibrant downtown, historic neighborhoods like Old Town, and attractions such as Balboa Park, the San Diego Zoo, and the USS Midway Museum.
The city’s history is celebrated in its architecture, museums, and the enduring presence of the Kumeyaay culture.